Adult and Pediatric Cardiac
Hypothermia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
STS Cardiothoracic Surgery E-Book from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons provides expert guidance for Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery. Sections include Pearson’s General Thoracic, Esphageal, Adult Cardiac, and Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Introduction
The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has enabled operative treatment for countless numbers of patients with a multitude of acquired and congenital cardiac, vascular, and thoracic anomalies. The CPB machine is a unique device designed to divert a patient’s circulation around regions that requires surgical intervention, so that surgeons can operate in an anatomic area that would otherwise be filled with blood. The typical CPB circuit consists of a series of pumps that provide cardiopulmonary support through disposable components consisting primarily of tubing, a blood collection reservoir, and an oxygenator. The venous blood is pumped through the oxygenator and is returned to the arterial system of the patient.
The first successful open heart surgical procedure using extracorporeal CPB was performed in 1953 by John Gibbon, using a machine of his own design.[1] Since then, there have been numerous improvements to multiple domains of CPB, including:
- the CPB device itself,
- the disposable components used for CPB,
- the techniques and strategies of CPB, and
- the monitoring and safety systems associated with CPB.
These innovations have been associated with steadily improving patient outcomes. This chapter will provide a general overview of CPB and strategies used during pediatric and congenital cardiac surgery.
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Introduction
The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has enabled operative treatment for countless numbers of patients with a multitude of acquired and congenital cardiac, vascular, and thoracic anomalies. The CPB machine is a unique device designed to divert a patient’s circulation around regions that requires surgical intervention, so that surgeons can operate in an anatomic area that would otherwise be filled with blood. The typical CPB circuit consists of a series of pumps that provide cardiopulmonary support through disposable components consisting primarily of tubing, a blood collection reservoir, and an oxygenator. The venous blood is pumped through the oxygenator and is returned to the arterial system of the patient.
The first successful open heart surgical procedure using extracorporeal CPB was performed in 1953 by John Gibbon, using a machine of his own design.[1] Since then, there have been numerous improvements to multiple domains of CPB, including:
- the CPB device itself,
- the disposable components used for CPB,
- the techniques and strategies of CPB, and
- the monitoring and safety systems associated with CPB.
These innovations have been associated with steadily improving patient outcomes. This chapter will provide a general overview of CPB and strategies used during pediatric and congenital cardiac surgery.
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
